How To Edit Your Hosts File block websites

On occasion you will need to edit the hosts file on your machine. Sometimes because of an attack or prank, and others so that you can simply and freely control access to websites and network traffic.

hosts files have been in use since ARPANET. They were used to resolve hosts names before DNS. hosts files would be massive documents used to aide the network name resolution.

Microsoft kept the hosts file alive in Windows networking which is why it varies very little whether used in Windows, OS X or Linux. The syntax stays mostly the same across all platforms. Most hosts files will have several entries for loopback. We can use that for the basic example for the typical syntax.

The first part will be the location to redirect the address to, the second part will be the address that you will want to redirect, and the third part is the comment. They can be separated by a space, but for ease of reading are typically separated by one or two tabs.

127.0.0.1 localhosts #loopback

Now let’s look at accessing the hosts files in the different operating systems…

Windows 7
To access the hosts file in Windows 7 you can use the following command in the Run Line to open notepad and the file.

notepad c:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts

Once notepad is open you can edit the file. In this example we will block Facebook. To do this just enter in the following after the # mark.

0.0.0.0 www.facebook.com

Now that you have edited your Hosts file make sure to save it.

Now notice if we try to access Facebook in IE we can’t get to the page.

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4 Ways to Make UAC Less Annoying on Windows 7 / Vista

The single biggest irritation in Windows 7 and Vista is the UAC (User Account Control) system, especially for people that do a lot of tweaking. When you are trying to make configuration changes, it seems like every couple of seconds you are hitting another UAC prompt. Sure, it’s more secure… but what options do we have to make it less annoying?

There are at least 4 different ways that we can tweak UAC to be less annoying, most of which I’ve written about before.

Note: Disabling or modifying UAC is a security risk. If you want to be as secure as possible, you should likely leave things alone.

1) Disable UAC Entirely

The first thing that you can always do is completely disable UAC… the only problem with this is that you’ll end up making the system less secure if you are also the type of person that downloads and tests a lot of software. I can’t recommend that you do this, but at least you know that you have the option to.

2) Auto-Accept UAC Prompts for Administrators Only
If you want to leave UAC enabled, but disable the prompts from showing up under your administrator account, you can tweak a setting that will “Elevate without prompting”, so you never see the prompt show up. This is more secure than disabling UAC entirely, because an application started as a regular user can’t perform an action that is meant for administrators. For instance, Internet Explorer can still run in protected mode this way.

3) Disable the Blackout Screen (Secure Desktop)

The most annoying part of UAC for me is the screen that blacks out everything other than the UAC prompt… because it usually takes forever to show up, and depending on your video card it can do weird things with your desktop. You can disable the secure desktop feature but leave the UAC prompts the way they are… of course this is potentially a security hole as well, since an application could fraudulently “click” the prompt for you. (Secure desktop prevents applications from doing this)

4) Create Administrator Mode Shortcuts Without UAC Prompts
Instead of disabling UAC in any way, what we can do is setup a few shortcuts that bypass UAC entirely. This is especially useful if you open a particular administrator-mode application a dozen times per day. The trick to this is using task scheduler to launch the applications, and then telling task scheduler to run the task. This is more secure than the other options, since only our special shortcut will bypass UAC.

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20 Windows Keyboard Shortcuts You Might Not Know

Mastering the keyboard will not only increase your navigation speed but it can also help with wrist fatigue. Here are some lesser known Windows shortcuts to help you become a keyboard ninja.

Global Windows Shortcuts
Win+1, 2, 3, 4, etc. will launch each program in your taskbar. It is helpful then to keep your most used programs at the beginning of your task bar so you can open them one right after another. This also works in Windows Vista for the quick launch icons.

Win+Alt+1, 2, 3, etc. will open the jump list for each program in the taskbar. You can then use your arrows to select which jump list option you want to open.

Win+T will cycle through taskbar programs. This is similar to just hovering over the item with your mouse but you can launch the program with Space or Enter.

Win+Home minimizes all programs except current the window. This is similar to the Aero shake and can be disabled with the same registry key.

Win+B selects the system tray which isn’t always useful but can come in very handy if your mouse stops working.

Win+Up/Down maximizes and restores down the current window so long as that window has the option to be maximized. It is exactly the same as clicking on the middle button on your windows.

Alt+Esc is like Alt+Tab but switches windows in the order they were opened and does not have the fancy window preview overlay.

Win+Pause/Break will open your system properties window. This can be helpful if you need to see the name of a computer or simple system statistics.

Ctrl+Esc can be used to open the start menu but will not work as a Windows key replacement for other shortcuts.

Ctrl+Shift+Esc will open the task manager without needing to hit Ctrl+Alt+Del first.

Alt+Space will open the window system menu which can be used to maximize (x), minimize (n), close (c), or move (m) the window which can be especially helpful if your window is somehow off-screen. This shortcut can also be helpful with windows that don’t close with the Alt+F4 shortcut such as the command window.

Windows Explorer Shortcuts
Here are handy shortcuts built into Windows Explorer which may have similar features in other programs too.

Alt+Up will navigate up one folder level since the up arrow on the menu bar was removed in Windows Vista. Alternatively, you can also make Backspace go up one folder level with a handy AutoHotKey script.

Shift+F10 opens the contextual or “right click” menu for a file/folder. This can be very handy for speed especially if you know which option you want to select. Look for an underlined letter in each option to know which letter you can press for faster access.

Shift+Del deletes a file without sending it to the recycle bin because who wants to empty their recycle bin anyway?

Ctrl+Shift+N creates a new folder in your current directory.

Alt+Enter opens the file properties so you can view file size, sharing settings, and creation date.

F2 renames a file or folder.

F3 will open explorer and select the search bar. If you already have an explorer window open it will highlight the search bar. In some programs it will also open the search dialog to search within that program.

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Add a Network printer to Windows Vista or Windows XP

Now days the average household has more than one computer and share available resources over a home network. No-ones wants their house cluttered up with unnecessary office equipment, and this is exactly the reason why we need to use a network printer. For example if you have three computers on your home network you would only need one printer for them all. Windows XP and Vista allow you to use computer hardware that is connected to another computer on your Network. Here’s how to add a Network Printer.
What do you need to add a network printer?

1. A network printer can be a printer that is already installed on one computer in your home or office network. It does not have to be anything special.
2. You need to know the actual computer name that the printer is installed on. How to find the Computer Name?
3. Printer Sharing has to be enabled. (Go to Control Panel>Printers Settings Icon>right click on the printer icon and choose sharing. Also create a simple name for your printer here.)
4. The share name of you shared printer. It usually is the brand of the printer which could be cannon bj3000, however I like to rename it just printer.

How to add a network printer onto your home network:

1. Go to the control panel which can be found by clicking the start button.
2. In the left bar click on switch to classic view.
3. Then click on the Printer and Faxes Icon.
4. Choose to Add Printer in the left sidebar.
5. A dialog box will appear. You can choose to add a network Printer. Then ask the computer to find it. If it does find it your done.
6. When the computer does not find your network printer manually type it in yourself.

1. I have written \\server\printer$ then I pressed Next. Server is the name of the computer that has the printer installed on it, and Printer$ is the name I gave my printer when I enabled sharing.

Advantages and disadvantages to having a network printer?
Advantages:

* You only need one printer for your entire network.
* You save money on office equipment.
* You save space.

Disadvantages:

* If another user is printing hundreds of pages on the network printer you will have to wait for them to finish printing.
* The computer the network printer is attached to must be on for the printer to function.

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Windows 7 Enterprise Deployment Guide

This article demonstrates how to perform unattended installation of windows 7 and how to create an image. It explains everything you need deploy Windows 7 in enterprise environment.
Tools for successful Windows 7 deployment

- Windows AIK DVD (can be downloaded from Microsoft)
- Windows 7 DVD
- A computer to install Windows AIK
- USB flash drive
- bank CD
Start by installing Windows AIK on your computer. Windows AIK can be installed on Server 2003 or Windows Vista.
Windows 7 unattended installation

I. Create a Reference Answer file for unattended installation
Windows 7 installation answer file allows installation to be automatic while using custom settings.
1. Install Microsoft Windows AIK if you haven't done so.
2. Copy Install.wim from \Sources folder in Windows 7 DVD to local drive
3. Launch Windows System Image Manager, Start > All programs > Microsoft Windows AIK > Windows System Image Manager
4. In Windows SIM, click File and choose Select Windows Image
5. Select the wim image copied in step 2, choose YES to generate a catalog file
6. Click File, choose New Answer File.
Customize Windows 7 Image Settings

You can define custom configuration through Components menu in Windows SIM
1. On Windows SIM, click Components to expend the menu. Configure settings as needed.
2. Once settings are configured, click Tools > Validate Answer File.
3. Click File > Save Answer File. save it as autounattend.xml
4. Copy autounattend.xml to the root of the USB flash drive.
III. Create Reference Windows 7 image
1. Insert Windows 7 DVD in DVD drive and plug in the USB flash drive that contains autounattend.xml.
2. Once the PC boots from Windows 7 DVD, it will use the autounattend.xml to install Windows 7.
Create Windows 7 image

1. Configure Windows 7 OS with desired configuration
2. run sysprep /generalize /oobe /shutdown command from command line
/generalize - resets SID
/oobe - allows you to reseal windows and give you out of the box experience.
3. Now, use imaging software to take a snapshot of this image. For free solution, You can use ImageX to take
Create Bootable ImageX CD

This CD will allow you to boot from the CD to capture the Windows 7 image.
1. On computer where Windows AIK is installed, go to Start > All Programs > Windows AIK > Deployment tools Command Prompt
2. type "copype.cmd amdx86 c:\winpe"
3. type "copy "c:\program files\Windows AIK\Tools\x86\imagex.exe" c:\winpe\iso\", press enter
4. type "oscdimg -n -bc:\winpe_x86\etfsboot.com c:\winpe_x86\ISO c:\winpe\winpe.iso", press enter
5. Burn the winpe.iso onto the CD. Now we can use this CD boot and capture Windows 7 image.
Capture Windows 7 image

1. Boot the reference computer where you ran sysprep.exe
2. Boot into Windows PE with the CD created earlier.
3. In WinPE, open Command Prompt
4. Type "e:\imagex.exe /capture d: d:\Win7image.wim "Win7 Image" /compress fast /verify ", press enter
5. This will capture the image
Deploy Windows 7 image

1. Boot the reference computer where you ran sysprep.exe
2. Boot into Windows PE with the CD created earlier.
3. In WinPE, open Command Prompt
4. e:\imagex.exe /apply d:\myimage.wim 1 d:

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How to dual boot Windows 7 and Windows Vista

Windows Vista can manage partition without party software. This will allow you to resize your existing volume and installation of Windows 7.

Assuming Vista is your main OS:
Create a second partition on your hard disk

1. "START" > right click "Computer" > select "Manage"
2. On the left, browse to Storage > Disk management
3. Right click on the Volume you want to use and choose "Shrink Volume"
4. In put the size of the volume and click "Shrink"
5. Right click on "Free space" and choose "New Simple Volume.."
Install Windows 7

1. Boot your computer from Windows 7 DVD (on Dell computers, press F12 to choose boot menu)
2. On Windows 7 installation screen, choose "Install Now"
3. On "Where do you want to install Windows?" screen, Choose the Volume we created earlier.
4. Once the installation is completed, you will have the option boot Windows Vista or Windows 7 at start up.

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How to create Windows 7 system recovery Disc

Windows 7 system recovery Disc can be used to fix most common issues that prevents Windows 7 to boot.

1. go to START > type in "Backup" and enter
2. choose "Backup and Restore"
3. on the left, choose "Create a system recovery disc"
4. choose your CD drive and click "Create disc"

Now you can use this disc in case of emergency when you have problem booting into to Windows

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Setting up home network with Windows 7

Windows 7 simplifies windows networking with Windows 7 HomeGroup. This feature work with Network Location Awareness to determine the network you are connected to and configure security accordingly. This allows simple file sharing at home while protecting the PC from attacks on public networks.

1. When connecting to an unknown network, Windows 7 will prompt "Select a location for the network"
2. Choose "Home network"
3. Choose files that you would like to share
4. Choose "Create now"
5. Type password for your homegroup
Once you connect new Windows 7 computers to the network, you will be asked to join the homegroup.

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Back up Files in Windows 7

You can easily backup files in Windows 7 by using built in back up tool.

1. go to START > type in "Backup" and enter
2. click on "Set up backup"
3. Choose a backup destination and choose "Next"
4. follow on screen instructions, it allows you to choose backup schedule also.

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Windows 7 Action Center explained

Windows 7 Action Center is a new version of Vista Security Center. Action Center can be found at Control Panel >System and Security > Action Center. Action Center provides solutions to your PC problems.

Network firewall - This setting alerts you when windows firewall is off
Windows Update - Ensures window updates are on.
Virus Protection - Ensures system has AntiVirus installed
Spyware and unwanted software protection - Ensures Windows Defender is running.
Internet security settings - Ensures IE security settings are at their recommended levels.
User Account Control - Ensures UAC is on.
Network Access Protection - Ensures Network Access Control client is running.


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What are Libraries in Windows 7

Libraries in Windows 7 helps users organize multimedia content. It allows aggregate view of existing contents. Multiple folders of contents can be viewed as a single virtual folder. Libraries in Windows 7 can also network shares as the content. For example, you have five folders-- workdocs, workmovies, workexcel, workemails, workjokes, you can create aggregate view of all the files in these folders.


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Windows 7 Requirements

> minimum system requirement for Windows 7

Processor: 1 Ghz, 32-bit or 64-bit
RAM: 1GB
Disk Space: 16GB
Video Card: DirectX 9, 128MB video card.
Drive: DVD-Drive

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